The three little pigs advert

Modern journalism

https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zy4rfrd/test

Newspaper backgrounds

	The Sun	The Daily Mail	The Telegraph
Owned by	As a broadsheet, it was founded in 1964 as a successor to the Daily Herald; it became a tabloid in 1969 after it was purchased by its current owners. It is published by the News Group Newspapers division of News UK, itself a wholly owned subsidiary of Rupert Murdoch's News Corp.	Jonathan Harmsworth, 4th Viscount Rothermere, a great-grandson of one of the original co-founders, is the current chairman and controlling shareholder of the Daily Mail and General Trust, while day-to-day editorial decisions for the newspaper are usually made by a team led by the editor, Geordie Greig.	The Telegraph is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally. It was founded by Arthur B. Sleigh in 1855 as Daily Telegraph & Courier.
Audience	The publication is a tabloid, which mostly people who come from a middle social class prefer means that the stories covered and the style used to present them, and people aged between 15 and 44.	The Daily Mail is a British daily middle-market tabloid newspaper published in London. Founded in 1896, it is the United Kingdom's second-biggest-selling daily newspaper after The Sun. According to a previous survey, the Daily Mail's audience was considered to be those of the conservative politic views.	At The Telegraph we believe that premium content attracts a premium audience. Across print, digital and third party platforms The Telegraph now reaches 52% of the UK population. That’s 23.1 million people a month (54% of whom are 15-44)
Online	Largest News brand in the UK, 96% visited them on their phones.	The Daily Mail can easily be accessed online, available for viewing and can be seen by anyone who reads it. Articles produced are the same copies in the newspaper.	The Telegraph can easily be accessed online, available for viewing and can be seen by anyone who reads it. Articles produced are the same copies in the newspaper.
Circulation	1,481,876	1,383,932	541,036
Political alignment	Conservative Political party	Conservative Political party	The personal links between the paper's editors and the leadership of the Conservative Party, along with the paper's generally right-wing stance and influence over Conservative activists

Newspaper industry essay

Newspapers are an excellent way of providing the news to the public. They were the most popular and at one point the only way to share the news until the 20th century when online versions became accessible. Due to online versions growing in popularity, it led to the newspaper print sales declining. Hard copies are in competition with online newspapers, this is because they have many advantages over hard copies of newspapers, this include that you can filter what kind of news you want to see, based on personal preference. You can view it anytime and it is updated much more frequently so some would argue it is more reliable and informative.

Although newspaper sales have declined, online news has been a massive positive for the readers. This is because online your are able to view extra media types, like videos, giving the audience more interaction with the article. The audience can also comment on the article and easily see other comments, broadening their thoughts of the story with different opinions. Hard copies cannot provide their audience with videos etc. which adds to the reason their sales have declined, as online versions offer more to you.

Most of the audience are between 15-34 years of age, this group are most likely to have phones where they can access the news online, making it more tempting to view a free online versions instead of leaving the house to go and buy one as it can be time consuming and inconvenient. The sales decline are proven through these following statistics; the daily circulation for the daily mail is 1,228,002, whereas the daily number of website visits is 169,400,000 on PC alone. This shows a massive contrast between online and hard copy sales. Online versions are much more popular because of the advantages we spoke about previously, this proves newspapers sales are declining drastically, but is this necessarily a good thing?

George Gerbner

Georges theory is that exposure to repeated patterns of representation over a long period of time can shape and influence the way in which people perceive the world around them, leading to most stereotypes.

Soft and hard news

Soft news is news that is entertaining or personally useful, usually including celebrities, fashion etc.
Hard news is news that is fast-paced, on the front of the papers, usually involving world news, politics etc.

Examples of soft news:




Examples of hard news:

Industry research

I think the aggregate advertising expenditure and net circulation figures are equal to about half of their 2007 due to the technological  advancement and demand for the news digitally. This kills the selling of hard copies of news, as customers believe that reading news is more easy and accessible for this generation. 

The ABC (Aubit Bureau of circulations) is a non-profit circulation-auditing organisation. It certifies and audits the circulations of major publications, including newspapers and magazines. They deliver industry-agreed standards for media brand measurement of print publications, digital channels and events.

I think Sunday papers sell better than weekday and Saturday papers because people arnt working so have more time to sit down, chill and look at the paper. The Sunday paper is also a different edition to the normal paper so it holds different information that you wouldn't see on the weekday papers, which incites people to buy them because its different news and different opinions as they are created by different people.

The leading broadsheet is is the Daily Telegraph, the leading tabloid is the sun and the leasing mid market is the daily mail. They sell 1101, 3417 and 2974 daily copies, using different headlines, and main images to draw the audience in everyday

The Guardian group is owned by the Scott Trust, the Scott trust is a private company who's main purpose is to ensure the financial and editorial independence of the paper is up to date and that the paper values bring honesty to the reader. This is shown through the investment of over £1 billion, with most of the profits going towards reinvesting in the journalism to deliver the best quality news to the audience

In digital distribution, i believe the most important brand identity has to be about online websites, as many commuters and general public have technology that may not be able to download the application therefore it will be easier for them to access the internet.

The UK newspapers appear to be the least trusted in Europe, according to research by the European Broadcasting Union. It carried out surveys of 1000 members of the public in each of the 33 European countries for its trust in media reports. The UK by far is the least trusted 'written press' between any European country.

The independent press standards organisations are the regulators for the most of the UK's newspapers and magazines. They hold these to account for their actions, individual rights, high standards of journalism and freedom of expression for the press. They make sure the newspapers and magazines follow the editors codes.

Print display advertising revenue for the national UK newspapers have grown for the first time in more than seven years, according to a new report on ad expenditure. Display ads in national titles saw revenue growth of 1% year on year in the first quarter of 2018, putting it at a total of £152.6m for the period. Within tabloids print displays advertising grew by 3% year on year.

Advantages vs. disadvantages of online newspapaers

Advantages:

• more convenient and practical
• updated more frequently
• you don't have to buy it
• its quicker
• personal preference, you can choose what you see
• no limit as to what you look at
• more interactive (videos)
• contact the newspaper quicker if you have any questions
• you can see different opinions on the article through the comments
• easy to share

Disadvantages:

• you might like to hold the newspaper
• internet is needed
• you cant keep the story because it updates and will eventually go
• less accessible for older generations
• More information by hand
• technical errors could occur
• pop up ads
• long term eye strain
• more distracting

Representation and newspapers

These two separate knife crime headlines oppose to each other because of the point they are trying to get across. The Argus make a point by saying they've had enough of the knife crime and want to end the violence. By using the pronoun 'we' it implies everyone is fed up of it and want it to end, it makes the headline sound more powerful than if it were to say something different, this is because it makes it seem as if more people are on their side. On the Daily Express it implies they are still fed up but they are not going to do anything about it. It makes it seem as though they are just curious and arnt willing to try and help to stop it. These oppose because of the change in attitude, making The Argus seem more serious than the Daily Express. 

Broadsheet vs Tabloid

Tabloid:
Typography is big and bold to grab the readers attention
Main picture covers the whole page, makes the cover look informal
Pun headlines also add to the informal cover
Puns for all captions and headlines link through the topic of pigs
The main image mocks him, making him look bad (adding to our opinions)
There is only one story on the front page

Broadsheet:
Typography is small to fit a lot of information in and inform the audience well
The main image is clear but not overpowering, adding formality to the cover
The headline is slightly bigger and bolder, it includes emotional language by using the word 'disgraced'
There is multiple stories on the front page, reinforcing the informative cover

Newspaper Terminology

In a newspaper-

• Masthead - The title of the newspaper displayed on the front page
• Barcode - Used to scan the newspaper when purchasing, it is a representation of price
• Caption - Brief text underneath an image, describing the photograph or graphic
• Headline - A phrase that summarizes the main point of the article, usually in a large print and different style to catch attention to the reader
• Main Image - Dominant picture, often filling the front cover
• Page numbers - A system of organisation within the magazine which helps you find what you want to read
• Target Audience - People who the newspaper aim to sell to 
• Pull Quote - Something taken from within an article, usually said by the person in the main image
• Classified Ad - An advertisement that only uses text, as opposed to displaying an ad which also involves graphics
• Skyline - An information panel on the front page that tells the reader about other stories to tempt them to look inside
• Edition - Some newspapers print several of these every night, these are versions with some changes and maybe additional late stories
• Stand first - Block of text that introduces the story, normally in a different style to the body text and headline
• Byline - the line above the story with gives the authors name and sometimes their job and location
• Body text - Also known as a copy, written material that makes up the main part of the article
• Standalone - Picture story that can exist on its own or on a front page leading to a story 
• Centre spread - A photograph, often in color, that runs across 2 pages
• Lead story - Main story, usually a splash
• Gutter - The blank pace between margins of facing pages of a publication or the blank space between the columns
• Folio - Top label for the whole page, can relate to the area covered in the paper, for example,national or big news topics like trump
• Page furniture - Everything on the page apart from pictures or texts from stories

CUPPTUNE-

• Treshold - the bogger the impact and reach of the story
• Unexpectedness - an event that is a shock or out of the ordinary
• Negativity - Bad news is more interesting to the audience 'if it bleeds it leads'
• Elite persons/places - stories about important people or nations
• Unambiguous - easy to understand and for papers to report on
• Personalisation - stories that include human interest 'real people'
• Proximity - closer to home stories which are more likely to be included
• Continuity/currency - stories already in the news which continue to run and are updated

The mail and the guardian analysis

The daily mail presents their page with a lot of color. Along the very top of the article they have the date and the weather forecast, which shows it is up to date and frequent information. They also have a row of subheadings, including home, news, sport and health. If you then click on one it will give you another row of subheadings relative to the topic you've chose. For example the one i clicked on was news, and it gave me the option of latest headlines, royal family, news, world news etc. This is useful as it makes things more quick and convenient for the user to find what they are specifically interested in. Just underneath the subheadings are advertisement, as well as along the right side of the column, these include their twitter and Facebook pages as well as Instagram, snap-chat and pinterest. They have all these to make their website more known and easy to access from all types of platforms. As you can see they have a main twitter advertisement which is @mailonline which is targeted at those who want 'world news' and breaking stories as well as another twitter account which is @dailymailceleb, targeted at those who prefer the more gossip type of news. This ad shows that they are trying to target all types of audiences instead of just one.

Scrolling down, you get the lead story of 'terrifying moment gang corner their victim and slash him with a huge 3.5ft long machete as they dish out vicious beating on residential street in Birmingham'. This is in bold big text to grab the readers attention of the horrific event and to make it more obvious to see so that the article can be seen and shared for awareness. The article gives the skyline followed by a little 3 sentence headline about what happened, where it happened and who was involved. This must be interesting as it is the decider on if the reader wants to carry on reading the article. It then presents a byline, confirming who wrote the article, when it was published and last updated, as well as giving another ad to promote you to share the article through Facebook, twitter, messenger and mail, also giving you a number of how many people have shared the article already, which for this one is 3.7k.

Further down it gives the body text about what happened to the boy as well as a pull quote from a pedestrian. It gives a few main images of the gang with the machete and more pictures of the lined up weapons once being taken away with captions underneath to describe and give the reader more context. It then gives more information about the crime which then goes onto showing figures of police recorded crime and what % of these were murders, robberies etc. This is important to the reader as it gives them more understanding. Afterwards it gives another relative case to make the audience feel sympathy, it is about a 16 year old boy who died because of gang violence. Going on from this, it goes on to saying how the Metropolitan Police are finding it harder to work with the House office rules, so they want to reinforce rules. This fits in with the whole article because its a case which isn't big enough to put on its own but it slots in with the crime topic so can be put at the end to make people aware instead of ignoring it completely.

Throughout the whole article, there is separate stories along the right hand column, mainly to do with celebrity gossip. This is so that the reader can directly link from one article to another instead of searching through to find one. In this article there is in total 63 different side stories that you can then go onto looking at, for example some of them are to do with the new series of Im a Celebrity get me out of here and one on the science of beauty and others on a load of different celebrities, such as, Cara Delevingne, Scarlett Moffatt and Vicky Pattison.



The Guardian presents their articles in a more plain, formal way compared the the daily mail. They are known as a broadsheet so need to present that in the representation of their pages. At the very top they have the masthead along with a few different links to click onto including a search button, a job search and sign in. The sign in button is very useful to those people who are only interested in specific news. When you sign up, you can choose some topics your most interested in and those will be the ones that come up on your feed once you sign in. This can save a lot of time for the reader and make them want to use the website more. In the top left corner is their first advertisement on the page, it simply asks people to subscribe and donate to the guardian to ensure good news is still brought to the website, which works really successfully for them. This saves them having to charge the readers to view the articles as they would most likely lose a lot of readers by doing this. Just underneath is the main subheadings for the page, the main ones are news, opinion, sport, culture and lifestyle. The one is the video above is on lifestyle, as you can see it directly takes you to the article relevant to that. Beneath this is the lead story with the main image and a caption below. The lead story is 'Westminster council to ban supersize new homes', the title is bigger and bolder than the body text, making it clear to see to the readers. The story is about the council setting a 150 square meter limit on housing so they can build more affordable houses and that they will build 10,000 affordable units by 2040 with all the freed up space. It then further goes onto talking about the statistics about the average sized UK house and that the supersize housed are 50% bigger than this, which is ridiculous. The ban has been put in place to try and tackle the growing inequality in the area, making houses more affordable for those who dont have much to move into. The article then uses a pull quote from Richard Beddoe (council) to better explain the situation - “We want Westminster to be home to thriving, mixed communities, not empty super-prime properties. That’s why we will be restricting the size of new luxury apartments and introducing a new extra bedroom policy to make it easier for families to extend their homes so they have enough space to stay living in Westminster and are not forced to move out." This is good for the reader to have a pull quote so that an opinion can be put in place which is different to the articles view, this will allow the reader to make their own opinion after seeing both sides. 

Along the right hand column, there is a 'most viewed' section, showing the most popular stories of today to try and influence you to later click from article to article. The articles show a small circular picture with a brief title alongside it, for example there is one about Teresa May which says "May calls emergency cabinet meeting to sign off Brexit deal", the quick and short caption can easily intrigue the reader into finding out more, which makes them more likely to view it afterwards. At the bottom of the article there is a separate part for advertisement. 'Since your here' is stated in bold big writing and underneath is a paragraph of body text which explains they need a bit of financial support to carry on and would love to get a donation, they also have a direct link which you can click and pay to, it also shows that you can pay by Visa, MasterCard, American Express and PayPal.  

Newspaper Analysis

	Broadsheet (The times)	Tabloid (The daily mirror)
Who was involved?	2 twin babies Parents Neighbours Police	2 twin babies (Gabriel and Maria) Parents (Cristineia and Bidhya) Neighbours (Gui Gui) Mothers best friend Forensic officers
What happened?	33-year-old man was arrested in connection with the killing of a 1-year-old boy in North London.	Man was held after killing toddler with a hammer and also leaving the twin toddler in critical condition
Where did it happen?	North London, Finsbury park	Property in Hackney, North London
When did it happen?	Monday 20th March 2017, late on Saturday, 11.10pm Boy pronounced dead just before 1am.	Monday 20th March 2017, 11.10pm Saturday
How did it happen?	Doesn’t say how it happened	Happened with the weapon of a hammer
Why did it happen?	Doesn’t say	Doesn’t say
What do you notice about the difference in content and how the articles convey this information? Why do you think that is?	The times presents their information in a more formal way, this gives the audience more comfort because the newspaper isn’t worrying. The use of the word ‘arrested’ shows that the nasty man is locked away and won’t be able to do further damage. They also give no detailed information or information about the weapon used. The pictures they use are minimal, they don’t tell the whole story in the picture so that it will intrigue people into reading the article instead	The daily mirror conveys a more informal aspect, making the audience a bit more on edge. The use of the word ‘held’ to describe how the man had been caught, implies he might be let back out whereas the broadsheet shuts it down by saying he’s been arrested. The daily mirror shows lots more pictures, involving the exact building, the parents and the weapon. This gives the audience more initial information, and by seeing the pictures they can interpret the story. The title is also much more bold than the broadsheet, making it stand out more.